{"id":14527,"date":"2025-11-23T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.waitaly.net\/?p=14527"},"modified":"2025-11-22T20:19:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T19:19:28","slug":"study-in-italy-university","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/en\/study-in-italy-university\/","title":{"rendered":"Studying at university in Italy: exams, dates, credits and courses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do you dream of studying in Italy but still don&#8217;t know exactly how the Italian university system works? This article is for you and contains everything you need to know before matriculating in an Italian university. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Italian university system: how it works<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The public university in Italy follows the approach provided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/education.ec.europa.eu\/it\/education-levels\/higher-education\/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education\/bologna-process?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bologna Process<\/a>, which regulates the university systems of <a href=\"https:\/\/ehea.info\/page-full_members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">48 countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the requirements, all Bologna Process states have introduced a higher education system consisting of: <strong>bachelor&#8217;s, master&#8217;s and doctoral degrees<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, all universities that are part of the Process follow the same <strong>system of counting <\/strong>educational <strong>credits <\/strong>, thus facilitating mobility and recognition of degrees between universities. Italian undergraduate credits (CFUs) are in fact equivalent to <a href=\"https:\/\/education.ec.europa.eu\/it\/education-levels\/higher-education\/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education\/european-credit-transfer-and-accumulation-system\">ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) credits<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are educational credits (CFUs)<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CFUs are the <strong>units of measurement of the study<\/strong> devoted to each teaching contained in the degree program. Each course credit is equivalent to <strong>25 hours of study<\/strong>, divided into 10 hours of lectures and\/or laboratory, plus 15 hours of individual study. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each university examination has awarded a number of credits, for example, 3, 6 or 9 credits. Once you take and pass the exam, you get the corresponding number of credits, regardless of your grade. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The three university cycles<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As shown in the table below, the Italian university system is organized into three cycles:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">first cycle (bachelor&#8217;s degree);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">second cycle (master&#8217;s degree);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">third cycle (PhD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>FIRST CYCLE.<\/td><td colspan=\"2\">LAUREA DI PRIMO LIVELLO<br\/><em>(Bachelor&#8217;s degree)<\/em><br\/>Duration: 3 years<br\/>CFU: 180<br\/>Title: Dottore<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\">LAUREA MAGISTRALE A CICLO UNICO<br\/>Duration: 5-6 years<br\/>CFU: 300-360<br\/>Title: Dottore Magistrale<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SECOND CYCLE.<\/td><td>LAUREA MAGISTRALE<br\/><em>(Master&#8217;s degree)<\/em><br\/>Duration: 2 years<br\/>CFU: 120<br\/>Title: Dottore Magistrale<\/td><td>MASTER DI PRIMO LIVELLO<br\/>Duration: 1-2 years<br\/>CFU: 60<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>THIRD CYCLE.<\/td><td>DOTTORATO DI RICERCA (PhD)<br\/>Duration: 3-5 years<br\/>Title: PhD<\/td><td>MASTER DI SECONDO LIVELLO<br\/>Duration: 1-2 years<br\/>CFU: 60-120<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, if you have just finished high school you can enroll in a laurea di primo livello or a laurea magistrale a ciclo unico, while if you already have a <em>bachelor <\/em>&#8216;s degree you can enter the laurea magistrale or enroll in a master&#8217;s degree.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If, on the other hand, you have already completed the second cycle, then you can apply for a PhD.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laurea di primo livello<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first undergraduate degree in Italy is called a laurea di primo livello or laurea triennale, lasts 3 years and is worth 180 CFUs. To enter this degree program, it is necessary to hold a <strong>secondary school diploma <\/strong>or an <strong>equivalent foreign degree<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some bachelor&#8217;s degree programs are open-enrollment, while others have limited seats and require passing an <strong>admission test<\/strong> (e.g., bachelor&#8217;s degree programs in nursing, physical therapy, engineering, psychology, economics, etc.).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first undergraduate cycle ends with the tesi di laurea, which is a research project prepared by the student, later exhibited and discussed before a committee of teachers.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laurea magistrale<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The laurea magistrale lasts two years, at the end of which the 120 CFUs that complete the second undergraduate degree are obtained. To enter a laurea magistrale, one must hold a <strong>bachelor<\/strong> &#8216;s degree or a <strong>corresponding foreign degree<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again, the degree path ends with the discussion of the thesis written by the student.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Please note<\/strong>: the <strong>laurea magistrale<\/strong> is the Italian equivalent of the<em> <\/em>international title <strong><em>Master&#8217;s degree<\/em><\/strong><em> (MA\/MSc)<\/em>. The master di primo livello, however, is not equivalent to a <em>master&#8217;s degree<\/em>: it is a postgraduate professional degree and does not give access to the PhD. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some courses of study are single-cycle, that is, they do not allow a bachelor&#8217;s degree + master&#8217;s degree division, but are structured in <strong>5 or 6 compulsory years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, they are single-cycle master&#8217;s degrees:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Jurisprudence<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Medicine and Surgery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Veterinary Medicine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Architecture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Primary education sciences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph.D.<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To <strong>enter a Ph.D.<\/strong> program in Italy, it is necessary to:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Have completed the first two cycles of undergraduate education (and thus hold a <strong>master&#8217;s degree<\/strong>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Pass a<\/strong> closed <strong>public competition<\/strong> (i.e., with limited places).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a rule, a portion of the available doctoral positions is covered by a <strong>fellowship,<\/strong> which provides the doctoral student with a monthly stipend for his or her research service.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The minimum length of the doctorate is three years, the maximum is five.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First- and second-level master&#8217;s degrees<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Master&#8217;s degrees are <strong>professionalizing courses<\/strong> designed for professionals already in the working world. They often have part-time attendance modes, precisely to facilitate their reconciliation with work. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are divided into:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">master di primo livello;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">master di secondo livello.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The master di primo livello can be entered with a bachelor&#8217;s degree and has a duration of one to two years.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The master di secondo livello is among the third-cycle courses, and to enter you need to have already completed the bachelor&#8217;s degree.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Please note<\/strong>: first- and second-level master&#8217;s degrees do not give access to PhD.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a diploma universitario?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diploma universitario is an old pre-Bologna Process degree that was granted at the end of the first three years of university. Today it is replaced by the<strong> laurea di primo livello <\/strong><strong><em>(Bachelor&#8217;s degree)<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">College admission test<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To enroll in both first-cycle and second-cycle college courses, it is almost always necessary to take an entrance test.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Local programmed access<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many universities provide<strong>local programmed access<\/strong>, that is, a limited number of places set directly by the university.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test used in these cases is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisiaonline.it\/tolc\/tutto-sul-TOLC\/tutto-sul-TOLC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TOLC<\/a>: a test that students can take in several sessions throughout the year, either in-person at university sites or online. It is a multiple-choice test with questions divided into subject areas. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also<strong> open-numbered<\/strong> university courses, which do not involve selection based on score. In this case, the entrance test is not important for admission to the degree program, but is used to test applicants&#8217; knowledge. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">National programmed access<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alongside tests administered by individual universities, there are also <strong>degree programs<\/strong> in Italy <strong>with national programmed access<\/strong>. Access to these faculties is managed by the MUR (Ministry of Universities and Research), and available places are determined nationwide. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">National programmed access degree programs are:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Medicine and Surgery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Veterinary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Architecture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Health professions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Primary education sciences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dates of college entrance tests<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Italian public university admission tests are generally held between April and September.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Admission examinations for nationwide <strong>programmed access<\/strong> degree programs are the same for all applicants and are all held on <strong>the same dates<\/strong>. For example, the test for admission to the Veterinary Medicine 2025 course in English was held for all of Italy on September 17, 2025. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Test dates for <strong>local programmed-access courses<\/strong> are decided by individual universities and are published in the <strong>admission notices<\/strong>, usually between February and July.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to come to Italy to study medicine and surgery, pay attention to the latest news: recently, the arrangements for the <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/en\/admission-test-for-medical-school\/\">medical entrance test<\/a> have changed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Italian language test<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International students who wish to take a university course in Italian must demonstrate a sufficient level of proficiency to attend classes. A<strong> B2 level of <\/strong>the Common European Framework (CEFR) is generally required. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You have to take an Italian language test if:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">your native language is not Italian;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">you enroll in a course delivered in Italian;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Do not hold a recognized language certification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main officially recognized <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/certificato-di-lingua-italiana-per-studiare-in-italia-chi-ne-ha-bisogno\/\">Italian language certifications<\/a> are: <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/en\/cils-exam-preparation-mistakes-to-avoid\/\">CILS<\/a>, CELI, PLIDA and CERTIT.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You do not have to take an Italian language exam if:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">you attended an Italian school abroad;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">you enroll in a university course in English (with some exceptions).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Studying at university in Italy: subdivision of the academic year<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">University in Italy generally begins in September (although recently more and more universities are offering courses with January matriculation, to attract international students).<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The academic year is divided into two semesters:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">September-January<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">March-June<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each degree program has a <strong>syllabus <\/strong>(curriculum) that indicates the subjects to be taken during each semester.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The teachings may include:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Mandatory<\/strong> attendance: you must attend the in-person classes in order to take the end-of-course exam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Non-mandatory<\/strong> attendance: class attendance is recommended but not required, and students can prepare exams independently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">University examinations<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Knowledge related to each course taken during the semester of classes is tested in examination sessions.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are <strong>3 examination sessions<\/strong> during the academic year:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">winter session (January-February)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">summer session (June-July)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">recovery session (September)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within each session the lecturer can decide whether to make one or more exam dates <strong>(appelli)<\/strong>) available to students.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exams can be repeated several times, even if you have already obtained a sufficient grade but wish to improve it. It is also possible to postpone a first-year exam and give it in the second year. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some exams are <strong>propaedeutic<\/strong>, that is, you must pass them before you can enter the next part of the course. For example, math 1 is propaedeutic to math 2. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The examinations may be:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">oral<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">writings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">mixed (oral part + written part)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">idoneit\u00e0 (these exams have no grade, only an assigned number of credits)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The voting system<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The evaluation system of Italian universities uses a scale ranging from 18\/30 to 30\/30.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grades are awarded in this way:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">18 is the minimum grade to pass the exam;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">30 is the maximum grade;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">30 con lode ( <strong>lode<\/strong> is awarded in exceptional cases and is a recognition of excellence).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the grade is less than 18\/30, the exam is considered insufficient and must be retaken at the next roll call.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>final graduation grade<\/strong> is calculated by making a <strong>weighted average of<\/strong> the exams taken, that is, considering the grade of each exam and the number of CFUs signed up. Some extra points are then added for thesis, any internships or Erasmus participation. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>highest<\/strong> graduation <strong>grade<\/strong> is <strong>110 with honors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The internships<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many degree programs include <strong>mandatory or optional internships<\/strong>. In the case of a mandatory internship (as in health professions courses), the student&#8217;s hours are counted as CFUs and are <strong>essential for graduation<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usually universities have offices dedicated to supporting students in finding a place to do the internship.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obtaining student visa to study in Italy<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all international students need a <strong>visa<\/strong> <strong>to attend university <\/strong>in Italy. However, if you come from a non-EU country, it is very likely that you will need to apply for one before you arrive. Check out the list of <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/en\/study-in-italy-the-documents-required\/\">documents to study in Italy<\/a> and contact our union to find out how <a href=\"https:\/\/staging.waitaly.net\/en\/welcome-combos\/extra-eu-up-to-90-days\/\">WAI can help<\/a> you with your plans to study at university in Italy.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do you dream of studying in Italy but still don&#8217;t know exactly how the Italian university system works? This article is for you and contains everything you need to know before matriculating in an Italian university. Italian university system: how it works The public university in Italy follows the approach provided by the Bologna Process, which regulates the university systems of 48 countries. Among the requirements, all Bologna Process states have introduced a higher education&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[545],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-study"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Studying at university in Italy: exams, dates, credits and courses - WAI Association Italy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Do you want to study at university in Italy? 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